Greek god of war in all its violence, brutality, confusion, and destruction; identified by Romans with their Mars, from Greek Arēs, literally "injurer, destroyer," from arē "bane, ruin," and perhaps cognate with Sanskrit irasya "ill-will" (see ire).

arete:
Inherited from Latin aries, arietem, ultimately from Proto-Indo-European *h₁r-i-(e)t- (“certain domestic animal”).

The goodness or virtue of a person. In the thought of Plato and Aristotle virtue is connected with performing a function (ergon), just as an eye is good if it performs its proper function of vision. This is its telos or purpose (see also teleology). Aretē is therefore identified with what enables a person to live well or successfully, although whether virtue is then just a means to successful life or is an essential part of the activity of living well becomes controversial. According to Aristotle the various virtues consist in knowing how to strike a mean between opposing vices of excess and defect. Greek thought also paves the way for the Christian ideal that the fullest development of aretē for human beings consists in a selfsufficient life of contemplation and wisdom. The Sanskrit word kusala is used in Budd hism to represent the same association of goodness with the skill of being a good human being.

Zitat von Γραικύλος am 29.3.24, 15:58

Bei Friedrich Cornelius, Geschichte der Hethiter (Darmstadt 1973), S. 51, finde ich - mit Bezugnahme auf eine indogermanische Herkunft - die Behauptung, diese drei Begriffe hingen etymologisch zusammen, seien also insgesamt von Krieg und Kriegstüchtigkeit her zu verstehen.

Dass er für den Götternamen an einer seinerzeit längst überholten Etymologie festhält (die bei Frisk [1960] nicht einmal mehr Erwähnung fand), mag bei dem einst engagierten Nationalsozialisten Cornelius eher ideologische als wissenschaftliche Gründe haben. Inzwischen (Beekes, Etymological Dictionary of Greek, Leiden 2009) wird für Ἄρης eine Herkunft im vorgriechischen Substrat, also kein indoeuropäischer Ursprung, vermutet.

Ein bißchen Hintergrund zur Cornelius. Danke.

Eine illustre Verwandtschaft immerhin:

https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Friedrich_Cornelius_(Historiker)